Almost every water resources project has a reservoir or diversion work for the control of floods or to store water for irrigation or power generation, domestic or industrial water supply. A spillway with control mechanism is almost invariably provided for release of waters during excess flood inflows. Releases of water may also be carried out by control devices provided in conduits in the body of the dam and tunnels. In order to achieve flow control, a gate or a shutter is provided in which a leaf or a closure member is placed across the waterway from an external position to control the flow of water. Control of flow in closed pipes such as penstocks conveying water for hydropower is also done by valves, which are different from gates in the sense that they come together with the driving equipment, whereas gates require a separate drive or hoisting equipment.
Right selection of gates and their hoisting arrangement is very important to ensure safety of the structure and effective control. A designer has to plan a gate and its hoisting arrangement together. Separate planning of gates or hoists, sometimes results in unsatisfactory installation. Though the choice for the gates and hoists depends on several factors, primarily safety, ease in operation as well as maintenance and economy are the governing requirements in the same order. It is essential for the water resources engineer to be aware of the different factors, which would largely affect the choice of gates and hoists and would help in selection of the same.
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This project is a combination of mechanical engineering and sustainable development in developing countries.The goal has been to build a windmill driven water pump and to design a small-scale irrigation system for SCC-Vi Agroforestry’s demonstration farm in Musoma, Mara region, Tanzania. The purpose was to enable SCC-Vi Agroforestry to demonstrate and spread knowledge about these techniques to farmers in the region.
The windmill construction in this report is based on the prototype, but the original drawings were changed to fit the specific situation. Important throughout the project has been to minimise cost and to only use material that local farmers can get hold of. Building and assembling of the windmill were then performed by the authors in co-operation with local workers. The windmill drives a pump that pumps water from a well to a tank for further use in irrigation.
Calculations have been made on the energy available in the wind and an energy analysis was then performed to see what wind speed is required for the system to work. If wind speed is low, the windmill can be adjusted by placing the connecting rod closer to the rotation centre where it requires less work to function. As a result of that, the volume of water per stroke will decrease and it will take longer time to fill the tank. This project was carried out during the rainy season when there is less wind; therefore the windmill has not been tested during optimal wind speed conditions. The tests that have been performed during the circumstances at the time showed that the performance of the windmill is consistent with the theoretical calculations.
A proposed design for a simple drip irrigation system has been developed based on the conditions at the project area. It is constructed of plastic pipes with holes that emit water. Covers are in place to prevent soil from clogging the holes. Building the irrigation system was not part of this project.
Automatic multi-storey car parks provide lower building cost per parking slot, as they typically require less building volume and less ground area than a conventional facility with the same capacity. However, the cost of the mechanical equipment within the building that is needed to transport cars internally needs to be added to the lower building cost to determine the total costs.
Other costs are usually lower too, for example there is no need for an energy intensive ventilating system, since cars are not driven inside and human cashiers or security personnel may not be needed.
A multi-storey car parks offer greatest possible flexibility for the realization of optimum parking solution. A fast parking process in which the driver does not have to maneuver his car or drive backwards, guarantees highest comfort and security. A single lift serves 6 to 12 parking spaces per level taking up a minimum of space. Time-saving vertical and horizontal movements take place simultaneously ensuring fast parking and retrieval times.
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In remote areas the sun is a cheap source of electricity because instead of hydraulic generators it uses solar cells to
produce electricity. While the output of solar cells depends on the intensity of sunlight and the angle of incidence. It means to get maximum efficiency; the solar panels1 must remain in front of sun during the whole day. But due to rotation of earth those panels can’t maintain their position always in front of sun. This problem results in decrease of their efficiency. Thus to get a constant output, an automated system is required which should be capable to constantly rotate the solar panel.
The Automatic Sun Tracking System (ASTS) was made as a prototype to solve the problem, mentioned above. It is completely automatic and keeps the panel in front of sun until that is visible. The unique feature of this system is that instead of taking the earth as its reference, it takes the sun as a guiding source. Its active sensors constantly monitor the sunlight and rotate the panel towards the direction where the intensity of sunlight is maximum. In case the sun gets invisible e.g. in cloudy weather, then without tracking the sun the ASTS keeps rotating the solar panel in opposite direction to the rotation of earth. But its speed of rotation is same as that of earth’s rotation2. Due to this property when
after some time e.g. half an hour when the sun again gets visible, the solar panel is exactly in front of sun. Moreover the system can manage the errors and also provides the error messages on the LCD display. In manual mode, through the software (GUI) at computer, the solar panel can be rotated at any desired angle.
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This project aims at the development of a bio-mimetic propulsion mechanism for a Flapping Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle, without considering the aerodynamics of the wings in the design. This artifcial bird will be the size of approximately 10-20cm.It covers the leading-edge vortex (LEV), the clap-and fling effect,rotational lift and wing wake interactions. This is followed by a review of natural appears. The aerodynamic and kinematic pattern of hummingbirds, bats, insects and small birds are summarized. Based on this review several diferent concepts of mechanisms for apping wings are generated, which are seperated for the apping motion and the pitching motion. Using a qualitative evaluation, the quality of the concepts are determined according to diferent criteria such as weight, size, robustness, mechanical complexity, expected power consumption and accuracy.
The best concept is used as basis for a 3D CAD design of the mechanism, which should mainly reproduce the desired kinematics. During the design process the focus is set more on getting a robust and simple mechanism, which could be used as a test bench for further investigations and measurements. Concluding, the mechanism is manufactured and assembled to prove the feasibility.
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The expansion of renewable energies and the deregulations of the energy market are increasing the demand of regulating power. In absence of hydropower, thermal power is often used for this purpose instead. This thesis focuses on the Vattenfall owned power plant Jänschwalde located in Germany. The goal is to optimize the start-up procedure, so that the start-up time is reduced without causing too much thermal stress on the important thickwalled components in the boiler. By reducing the start-up time, the plant can become more protable, exible and better suited to regulate the electricity market.
A start-up model was built in Dymola and validated against measurement data and a simulation model of Jänschwalde, which is too complex to use for optimization purposes. The JModelica.org platform was used for the optimization part of the project. It was possible to nd optimal solutions for the start-up process of the Jänschwalde power plant, but the
convergence of the optimization algorithm was very dependent on the optimization options used and the scaling of the plant model. Further work includes development of the components used in the start-up model, rening the discretization and scaling for the optimization problem.
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Since the beginning of the BWR technology development there was an important concern about nuclear-coupled stability. The first experimental BWRs weren’t big enough to present instability and the first commercial BWR were designed in way to avoid instability issues. However, after many years of exploitation, many of those power plants suffered fuel modifications and/or power upgrades.
After that, the first indications of stability problems came in the late 70’s and during the 80’s. Moreover, the actual trend of increasing the reactor power density and to rely on natural circulation for more extensive core cooling will have major repercussion for the stability of advanced BWR designs.
In prevision of the increasing importance of the instability matter inside the new BWR plant design this work pretend to find new tools of understanding and methods that will help to predict and avoid instability related shutdowns. For that purpose thermal hydraulics and neutronics simulation tools will be used to extract real plant data from a NPP model. And this data will be analyzed and used to predict the plant stability behavior.
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In today’s world almost all of the large scaled companies are holding only the assembly lines in their own plants and most of the production and manufacturing facilities are provided by the SMEs(small and medium sized enterprise). In order to compute within each other, subcontractors have to show on-time response in quotations with high accuracy in delivery and cost estimations to be able to do such co-operations with the large-scaled companies.Kongsberg Automotive, KA, is a Norwegian company producing miscellaneous solutions and engineering facilities for automotive industry. The research and development facilities of the company are held in the plant located in Mullsjö, Sweden.KA has identified a need of support in quotation making process for car seat-heaters in order to
reduce design lead-time and increase the accuracy in cost-estimation.
In order to meet the company’s need, in School of Engineering, Jönköping, an application program is developed which is called ProceedoStudio.
The project is involved with the estimation of wiring pattern, wire properties, manufacturing data and the manufacturing costs of a new product. The wiring pattern of the system is provided with an algorithm.
The objective with this project is either to explore new approaches or improve already existing algorithm for wiring pattern of the car seat heaters which is not sufficient enough. Free Download Mechanical Engineering Project [ATTACHMENT NOT FOUND]
The efficiency and power output of a gas turbine increases with higher turbine inlet gas temperature. Modern gas turbine vanes and blades are exposed to gas with temperatures which far exceeds the melting point of the component material.
Thus,the blades and vanes have to be cooled in order to lower the temperature. When cooling the component it is important to know the correct boundary conditions, to avoid creating too large temperature gradients. Large temperature gradients cause thermal stresses and significantly decrease the component life.Both internal and external cooling is used in turbine blades and vanes.The cooling air is extracted from the compressor. The cooling affects the gas turbine in two ways.
First, less mass flow is available for combustion in the combustion chamber.
Second,the trailing edge thickness has to be increased, which creates a larger wake behind the trailing edge which affects the aerodynamics negatively.The extraction of air decreases the efficiency of the turbine, since less air is available for power generation. Maximum cooling with minimum cooling air is therefore desired.
This work concerns internal cooling of turbine vanes and blades 1 and 2 on Siemens Gas Turbines 700 and 800, shortly called SGT -700 and SGT -800.
These components are situated next to the combustor chamber, and are therefore exposed to the highest temperatures. The report is primarily addressed to gas turbine cooling engineers.
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Transport sector is one of the key factors in economy of development. The mobility, whether people or goods and also the range of accessibility, altogether create the heart of this importance. An efficient transportation system will lead to a higher economic and social opportunities and benefits. In contrast a deficient transport system has an opposite effect.
Having strong and mutual relation between development and transport in mind, global effect of transport sector can be better understood in an “international development” context. In other words, in the globalized world, impacts (with whether positive or negative contribution) on any of key playing factors (transportation, for example) will be globalized. Thus, when it comes to transportation, the way to sustainable development passes through sustainable transport.
In contrast to the term “Sustainable Development”, with its internationally widely accepted definition introduced by Brundtland Commission2, “Sustainable Transport” has not found its unique definition yet. A study of sixteen practitioner and research initiatives on transportation sustainability shows many different definitions and notes on the concept, along with six distinct approaches and frameworks to present the roadmap. However, and regardless of these differences, one core statement remains consistent: To reduce all transportation related pollutants and eliminate greenhouse effects.Although sustainable transport (and hence environmental related issues) includes a broad extent of different concepts ranged from roads, railways, airways, ports, canals, pipelines to infrastructure and energy, for the scope of this report only contribution of vehicles, in particular hybrid vehicles with diesel internal combustion engines and waste heat recovery systems are taken into consideration.
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